A Layman’s Guide For Reviewing Films

31 Dec A Layman’s Guide For Reviewing Films

Posted at 12:08h in Art, Illustration & Design, Films, Fun, Life, Pleasures & Pursuits, Randomness by irustima 0 Comments

Films are often a popular topic of conversation during social gatherings, both online and offline. Surprisingly, a film which is appreciated by some for certain aspects may be criticized by others for exactly the same reasons. This can be due to the fact that people often view and analyze films ‘subjectively’, based on their own personal perspectives and backgrounds. This subjectivity can make it difficult to fairly evaluate a film, as each person’s interpretation is influenced by their unique circumstances and experiences.

I believe it is unfair to the film, and the various people involved in filmmaking, when their work of art, i.e. their film, is evaluated ‘subjectively’ by the viewer. Many of us consider films as the highest form of art because films can incorporate numerous artistic elements, such as acting, storytelling, music, cinematography, set design, sound design, etcetera. While other art forms, like music, painting, and literature, can also inspire and engage audiences through their unique qualities, films are often seen as the ideal symphony of creative talents and skills, when orchestrated well.

We want to believe that there are honest film-critics and journalists who evaluate films ‘objectively’, however it is evident that their analysis is often under the pressure of paid-service, and oftentimes tainted because of camaraderie or antagonism with filmmakers. Though the film-critics and journalists are trained to be as objective as possible, from experience most of us know that very few from the lot of current journalists stay on the course of objectivity. We, the gullible audience, are often fooled by their reviews.

The layman art enthusiast also believes that there are no hard and fast rules for evaluating art, and different people may have different criteria for what makes an art good or bad. This is not always true. I have tried to work out a framework that makes analysis of film ‘Objective and Scientific’ for the common viewer like me. This perhaps begins by understanding the filmmaking process better. A film may be analysed objectively on these parameters, each of which is explained with examples.

Technicality (Craftsmanship)
Emotional Connect (Pathos)
Logical Connect (Ethos)
Authority Connect (Logos)
Bias Correction
Overall Value

1. Technicality

a. Story Plot

Does the film have a clear and engaging storyline? Is the pacing of the film appropriate?

A story plot is the sequence of events that make up a story, including the conflicts, complications, and resolutions that the characters encounter as they progress through the story. A plot typically includes the introduction of the characters and setting, the rising action or series of events that lead to the main conflict or problem, the climax or turning point of the story, and the resolution or ending. The plot is the foundation of the story and helps to keep the reader engaged and interested in the characters and their experiences.

One example of a film with a well-written plot is “The Usual Suspects“. The film, directed by Bryan Singer and written by Christopher McQuarrie, tells the story of a group of small-time criminals who are brought together by a mysterious figure known as Keyser Söze. The plot of the film is full of twists and turns, as the characters are drawn deeper into a web of deception and intrigue. The film’s climactic reveal of the true identity of Keyser Söze is widely regarded as one of the most memorable in cinematic history. Other examples of films with well-written plots include “The Sixth Sense“, “Memento“, and “Inception“.

b. Script

Is the film story, characters, dialogues and plot written well?

A film script, also known as a screenplay, is a written document that outlines the details of a film, including the dialogue, actions of the characters, and visual elements. It is written in a specific format and is used as a guide for the actors, director, and crew to follow while creating the film. The script serves as a blueprint, outlining the overall plan and vision for the film, including the setting, character actions and motivations, and the progression of the story. It is an essential part of the film-making process, providing a clear and detailed plan for bringing the story to life on the screen.

One example of a script that is widely considered to be well-written is the screenplay for the film “The Shawshank Redemption“. The script, written by Frank Darabont, effectively uses dialogue and narration to develop complex and multi-dimensional characters, create a compelling narrative, and convey themes of hope and redemption. The film, which was adapted from a novella by Stephen King, has received numerous accolades and is widely regarded as a modern classic. Other examples of well-written scripts include “The Godfather“, “Pulp Fiction“, and “The Social Network“.

c. Characters

Are the characters well-developed and believable? Do they have clear motivations and goals?

Character development in a film refers to the way that a character changes or grows over the course of the story. This can be seen in the character’s attitudes, behaviors, and relationships with other characters. Character development is an important aspect of storytelling, as it helps to make the characters more relatable and believable to the audience. In a film, character development is often achieved through a combination of dialogue, action, and visual cues. For example, a character might change their appearance or mannerisms over the course of the film to reflect their changing emotions or circumstances. Alternatively, a character might undergo a significant transformation as a result of their interactions with other characters or their experiences within the story. Character development can be a subtle process, but it is an essential element of any well-written film.

One example of a film with well-developed characters is “The Godfather“. The film, directed by Francis Ford Coppola and based on the novel by Mario Puzo, tells the story of the Corleone crime family, and focuses on the character of Michael Corleone, the youngest son of the family’s patriarch, Vito Corleone. The characters in “The Godfather” are richly drawn and complex, with their own motivations, desires, and flaws. Michael, for example, starts out as a war hero and a reluctant member of the family business, but is eventually drawn into the world of organised crime and becomes a ruthless and calculating leader. Other examples of films with well-developed characters include “The Departed“, “The Prestige” and “Joker“.

d. Cinematography

Are the film scenes shot well? Is the framing and camera movement aesthetic, unique and consistent?

Cinematography is the art and technique of capturing motion pictures on film or digitally. Cinematography is an important aspect of the film-making process, as it helps to create the visual language of the film and set the tone and mood for the story. It involves the use of cameras, lighting, and other technical elements to create visual compositions that tell a story or convey a mood or atmosphere. Cinematographers, also known as Directors of Photography, are responsible for creating the visual style of a film. They work closely with the director to plan and execute the shots and camera movements that will be used in the film. Cinematographers must have a strong understanding of camera and lighting techniques, as well as an eye for composition and aesthetics.

One example of a film with excellent cinematography is “Piku“. The cinematography in the film is notable for its naturalistic and authentic portrayal of everyday life in India. The film was shot on location in Delhi and Kolkata, and the cinematography captures the bustling cities and their colourful and vibrant atmosphere. The film also features some beautifully shot outdoor locations, including scenic shots of the countryside and the ocean. Other examples of films with excellent cinematography include “Gravity“, “Gone with the Wind“, and “Lawrence of Arabia“.

e. Art Direction

Does the film have the correct, relatable and aesthetic visual imagery?

Art direction is the process of designing and creating the visual look and feel of a film. It involves the use of various elements such as sets, costumes, props, and special effects to create a cohesive and immersive visual world for the story. Art direction is an important aspect of the film-making process, as it helps to create the visual language and atmosphere of the film. It can also be used to convey a particular time period, place, or mood, and to help establish the character and themes of the story.

One example of a film with excellent art direction is “Inception“. The film, directed by Christopher Nolan and shot by Wally Pfister, features a number of elaborate and visually striking set pieces, including the famous “dream within a dream” sequence. The film’s art direction is particularly noteworthy for its imaginative and creative use of space and design, as the characters move through a series of dream worlds that are each distinct and visually striking. Other examples of films with excellent art direction include “The Great Gatsby“, “Mad Max: Fury Road“, and “The Shape of Water“.

f. Sound

Does the film have good sound design? Are the sound effects, music, and dialogue balanced and effective at enhancing the film’s overall aesthetic?

Sound design is the art and technique of creating and manipulating audio elements for a film. It involves the use of sound effects, music, and dialogue to enhance the storytelling and create a more immersive experience for the audience. Sound design is an important aspect of the film-making process, as it helps to create a sense of realism and immersion for the audience. It can also be used to add emotional depth and impact to a film, through the use of music and sound effects to heighten tension, build suspense, or convey a particular mood or atmosphere.

One example of a film with excellent sound design is “Uri – The Surgical Strike“. This action thriller film, directed by Aditya Dhar, features intense and immersive sound effects that enhance the film’s action sequences and create a sense of tension and excitement. Other examples of films with excellent sound design include “The Silence of the Lambs“, “The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo“, and “The Matrix“.

g. Background Score

Is the music in the background effective, relevant to the theme of the film and carries the film narration consistently?

The background score of a film is the musical accompaniment that is used to enhance the mood, atmosphere, and emotions of the story. It is often used to add depth and meaning to the visuals, and to help create a sense of continuity and flow throughout the film. Background scores are an important aspect of the film-making process, as they help to create a sense of atmosphere and emotion for the audience, and to underscore the mood and themes of the story. Background scores are usually created by a composer, who works closely with the director and other members of the creative team to develop a musical style and sound that complements the film’s story and visual style.

One example of a film with an excellent background score is “Dilli 6” directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra. The film’s soundtrack, which was composed by A. R. Rahman, is known for its catchy and upbeat songs, which are infused with elements of traditional Indian music. The film’s score is particularly noteworthy for its use of music to create a sense of energy and enthusiasm, and its use of leitmotifs to represent key characters and themes. Other examples of films with excellent background scores include “Roja“, “The Lion King” and “Pirates of the Caribbean“.

h. Acting

Do the actors deliver strong performances? Are their portrayals of their characters convincing?

Acting is the practice of portraying a character or role in a film. It involves using physical and vocal techniques to bring a character to life, and to convey their thoughts, feelings, and actions to an audience. Acting is an important aspect of the film-making process, as it helps to bring the characters and story of a film to life, and to engage and connect with the audience. Actors must have the ability to convey emotion and convey a character’s thoughts and feelings through their words, actions, and facial expressions. They must also be able to adapt to different roles and acting styles, and to work effectively with other actors and members of the production team.

One example of excellent acting in an Indian film is “Slumdog Millionaire“. The film, directed by Danny Boyle and featuring a cast that includes Dev Patel, Anil Kapoor, and Freida Pinto, is known for its strong performances and its ability to evoke a range of emotions from its audience. Patel gives a standout performance as Jamal Malik, a young man from the slums of Mumbai who becomes a contestant on the Indian version of “Who Wants to Be a Millionaire”, and Kapoor and Pinto also give memorable performances as the show’s host and Jamal’s love interest, respectively. Other examples of Indian films with excellent acting include “Gully Boy“, “Lagaan“, and “Andhadhun“.

i. Direction

Does the film have a clear visual style? Is the cinematography effective at conveying the mood and tone of the film?

One example of a well directed film is “The Lunchbox“. Directed by Ritesh Batra and featuring a cast that includes Irrfan Khan and Nimrat Kaur, the film is a drama that tells the story of a young housewife who begins a conversation with a stranger through a series of mistaken lunch deliveries. The film is known for its strong performances, particularly by Khan and Kaur, as well as its charming and heartwarming depiction of connection and human connection. Other examples of Indian films with excellent acting include “Gangs of Wasseypur“, “Queen” and “Moonlight“.

j. Special Effects

Is the film experience enhanced aesthetically or technology becoming overbearing in the film’s narrative?

One example of a film with excellent special effects is “Avatar”. This film, directed by James Cameron, is a science fiction epic that tells the story of a group of humans who visit a distant moon and encounter the indigenous Na’vi people. The film is known for its groundbreaking and innovative use of special effects, which were used to create a fully realized and immersive world. The film’s special effects, which included the use of motion capture technology and 3D animation, helped to bring the film’s fantastical creatures and landscapes to life in a way that had never been seen before. Other examples of Indian films with excellent acting include “The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King”, “Jurassic Park and “Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind”.

One example of a film with excellent special effects is “Avatar“. This film, directed by James Cameron, is a science fiction epic that tells the story of a group of humans who visit a distant moon and encounter the indigenous Na’vi people. The film is known for its groundbreaking and innovative use of special effects, which were used to create a fully realized and immersive world. The film’s special effects, which included the use of motion capture technology and 3D animation, helped to bring the film’s fantastical creatures and landscapes to life in a way that had never been seen before. Other examples of Indian films with excellent acting include “The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King“, “Jurassic Park” and “Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind“.

k. Line Production

Is the line production of the film realistic, grand or is it challenged because of budget and shooting constraints?

Line production in film refers to the process of organizing and coordinating the practical aspects of a film shoot, including location scouting, casting, budgeting, and logistics. Line production involves a wide range of tasks, including developing and managing the film’s budget, coordinating the logistics of the shoot, hiring crew members and talent, and scouting and securing locations for the film. It also involves working closely with the director and other members of the creative team to ensure that their vision for the film is realized. Line production is an important part of the film-making process, as it helps to ensure that the film is produced efficiently and on schedule. It requires strong organizational and communication skills, as well as the ability to work effectively under tight deadlines and budgets.

One example of a film with excellent line production is “Mad Max: Fury Road“. This film, directed by George Miller, is a post-apocalyptic action film that tells the story of a group of rebels who fight against a tyrannical ruler in a desert wasteland. The film is known for its impressive and ambitious line production, which involved the construction of elaborate sets and the creation of intricate and realistic costumes and props. The film’s line production played a crucial role in bringing the film’s immersive and detailed world to life and helping to create a sense of authenticity and immersion for the audience. Other examples of Indian films with excellent acting include “Game of Thrones“, “Terror – Season 1” and “Baahubali: The Beginning“.

l. Editing

Is the film well-edited? Do the transitions between scenes feel seamless and natural?

Film editing is the process of selecting, organizing, and arranging the shots and scenes that will be included in a film. It involves working with the raw footage captured during the filming process to create a cohesive and well-paced final product. Film editors are responsible for shaping the final form of the film, working closely with the director to determine the best way to tell the story. They must have a strong understanding of storytelling, pacing, and visual composition, and must be able to work effectively with the film’s audio and visual elements to create a seamless and engaging final product.

One example of an Indian film with excellent editing is “Gully Boy“. This film, directed by Zoya Akhtar, is a coming-of-age drama that tells the story of a young man who aspires to become a rapper. The film is known for its fast-paced and energetic editing, which was used to create a sense of momentum and excitement as the story unfolds. The film’s editing played a crucial role in helping to build the film’s narrative and keep the audience engaged. Other examples of Indian films with excellent acting include “Citizen Kane“, “Psycho” and “The Graduate“.

m. Themes

Does the film explore important or interesting themes? Are these themes effectively conveyed through the film’s story and characters?

A film theme is a central idea or message that is explored and developed throughout the course of a film. It is the underlying subject matter or concept that the film is centered on, and it helps to give the film its meaning and significance.Film themes can take many different forms, and may be related to a wide range of subjects, including love, loss, power, identity, family, friendship, and more. They may be conveyed through the actions and experiences of the characters, or through the film’s visual and audio elements.Film themes are often used to explore deeper questions and issues, and to engage the audience in a meaningful way. They can add depth and complexity to a film, and can help to create a lasting impact on the audience long after the film has ended.

One example of a film with an excellent theme is “Schindler’s List“. This film, directed by Steven Spielberg, is a historical drama that tells the story of Oskar Schindler, a businessman who saved the lives of thousands of Jewish people during the Holocaust. The film is known for its themes of courage, compassion, and the value of human life. These themes are explored through the film’s characters and their experiences, and are woven throughout the narrative in a powerful and moving way. Other examples of Indian films with excellent acting include “Anand“, “Taare Zameen Par” and “Lagaan“.

2. Emotional Connect

How is the emotional appeal of the film? Does the film appeal to my senses?

Emotional Connect refers to the Pathos of the film. Pathos is often used in film to create a sense of connection and empathy between the audience and the characters or story. It can be achieved through the use of language, imagery, music, and other elements that tap into the audience’s emotions and feelings. It is the capacity of the work to evoke emotions in the audience, such as pity, sadness, or compassion.

One example of a film with an excellent emotional connect is “Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge“. This film, directed by Aditya Chopra, is a romantic drama that tells the story of a young couple who fall in love and struggle to be together despite the challenges and obstacles they face. The film is known for its strong emotional connection, as the characters’ struggles and triumphs are depicted in a relatable and heartfelt way. Other examples of Indian films with excellent acting include “3 Idiots“, “Pyasa“, “Deewar” and “Rang De Basanti”.

3. Logical Connect

Is the film logically correct, consistent and credible? Does the film sensationalize a topic?

Logical Connect refers to the Ethos of the film. Ethos is a term that refers to the ethical appeal or credibility of the film makers. It is the sense of trustworthiness, authority, or credibility that a speaker or writer conveys to their audience. It can be achieved through the use of language, evidence, and examples that demonstrate the filmmaker’s expertise and subject knowledge on the theme of the film.

One example of a film with an excellent emotional connect is “Memento“. This film, directed by Christopher Nolan, is a psychological thriller that tells the story of a man who suffers from short-term memory loss and uses clues and tattoos to track down his wife’s killer. The film is known for its strong logical connection, as the events and actions of the characters are carefully planned and executed in a logical and believable way. Other examples of Indian films with excellent acting include “Her“, “Gone Girl” and “Black Friday“.

4. Common Biases

Is the film or are the filmmakers being subjective in their approach to the film’s plot, theme, messaging and production? Are we, the reviewers, being subjective in our analysis?

a. Nostalgia

Nostalgia bias is the tendency to view the past in a more positive light than the present or future. It is a psychological phenomenon that can lead people to exaggerate the positive aspects of the past and minimize the negative aspects, and to have a more favourable attitude toward events, people, and things from the past.
Nostalgia bias can be influenced by a variety of factors, including personal experiences and the passage of time. It is often linked to feelings of longing or longing for the past, and can be driven by a desire to return to a simpler or more idealized time.

b. Regional / Cultural bent

Regional bias is the tendency to favour or view more positively the culture, values, and interests of one’s own region or community over those of other regions or communities. It can lead to a narrow or skewed view of the world, and can result in the exclusion or marginalization of people or groups from other regions.
Regional bias can be influenced by a variety of factors, including cultural and social norms, media representation, and personal experiences. It can be fueled by a sense of pride or loyalty to one’s own region, or by a desire to protect or promote the interests of that region.

c. Genre preference

Genre bias is the tendency to favour or view more positively certain genres of film over others. It can lead to a narrow or skewed view of the value or worth of different genres, and can result in the exclusion or marginalization of certain genres or artists.
Genre bias can be influenced by a variety of factors, including personal preferences, cultural and social norms, and media representation. It can be fueled by a sense of familiarity or comfort with certain genres, or by a desire to protect or promote the interests of those genres.

d. Stardom Effect

Stardom bias is the tendency to favour or view more positively certain actors, musicians, or other celebrities over others. It can lead to a narrow or skewed view of the value or worth of different celebrities, and can result in the exclusion or marginalization of certain celebrities or groups of celebrities.
Stardom bias can be influenced by a variety of factors, including personal preferences, cultural and social norms, and media representation. It can be fueled by a sense of familiarity or admiration for certain celebrities, or by a desire to protect or promote the interests of those celebrities.

e. Grandeur Effect

Grandeur bias is the tendency to view certain events, achievements, or people as more significant or important than they actually are. It can lead to a skewed or exaggerated view of the value or worth of certain things, and can result in the exaggeration or distortion of facts or reality. Grandeur bias can be influenced by a variety of factors, including personal biases, cultural and social norms, and media representation. It can be fueled by a desire to promote or glorify certain events, achievements, or people, or by a desire to protect or enhance one’s own reputation or standing. It is important to recognize and challenge grandeur bias in order to promote a more accurate and balanced view of the world.

5. Overall Value

Was the film enjoyable to watch? Did it engage and hold your attention throughout its runtime?

Here are a few things you might consider:

Did you find the film to be entertaining, or did it feel boring or uninteresting?
Did you feel emotionally invested in the characters or story, or were you disengaged from the film?
Did the film keep your attention throughout its runtime, or did you find your mind wandering or becoming distracted?
Did the film leave a lasting impact on you, or did it fade from your memory quickly after you watched it?

There are plenty of examples where the film may not have qualified for any award or critical acclaim yet it is the best Value for the viewer’s time and money. We all have our favourites. Do share your list of 10 favourite films based on the Film Review Framework.

Conclusion

I hope the layman like me now has a better understanding of the various aspects of the art that goes into making a film. This article covers the basic elements. There are also more areas that we can delve into further by pursuing filmmaking education and career..
Art should be appreciated for what it is, and not for what it is not. Art may be seen in affirmation and not in negation. Even if the entire film is not to our liking, we should still recognize and appreciate the specific skills and elements that are noteworthy.
In the eyes of the viewer, a film is considered an ‘Art’ when it succeeds in all aspects of its artistry.

Photograph – Rooftop screening of a film at my housing society

If you liked this post, then you may consider reading Elements of a Fulfilling Life – Vedic Insights, The General Theory on Fitness and The General Theory on Finance also

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